Favela, a Portuguese term primarily used in Brazil, refers to a densely populated informal settlement or slum. These communities are typically found in urban areas, often on the outskirts or hillsides of major cities. Favelas are characterized by their makeshift construction, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to basic services such as water, sanitation, and electricity.
The term originated in the late 19th century, when soldiers returning from the Canudos War in Brazil settled on a hill called Morro da Favela. Over time, more individuals seeking economic opportunities and housing moved to the outskirts of cities and began building similar settlements, also referred to as favelas.
Favelas are known for their distinctive, densely packed, and often precarious housing structures, typically made of materials such as wood, metal, and brick, sometimes connected by a labyrinth of narrow alleyways. These settlements are often developed spontaneously and lack proper urban planning and legal recognition. Due to their marginalized status, favela residents face various social, economic, and health challenges, including poverty, crime rates, and limited access to education and healthcare.
Efforts have been made by governments, NGOs, and activists to improve the living conditions in favelas and integrate them into the formal urban fabric. However, the development of favelas remains a complex and ongoing process, with challenges related to land tenure, infrastructure provision, and social inclusion.
