ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, or a combination of both. Individuals with ADHD often struggle with staying focused, organizing tasks, managing time, and controlling impulsive behaviors.
Inattention in individuals with ADHD is marked by difficulties in sustaining attention, being easily distracted, making careless mistakes, and experiencing difficulty in following through with instructions or tasks. Hyperactivity refers to excessive and inappropriate levels of physical restlessness and impulsivity, such as constant fidgeting, excessive talking, or interrupting others. These symptoms typically manifest in multiple settings, such as school, work, or social situations.
ADHD is further classified into three subtypes – predominantly inattentive presentation, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation, or combined presentation, depending on the individual’s predominant symptoms. The exact causes of ADHD are not yet fully understood, but both genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role in its development.
ADHD can significantly impact an individual's daily functioning and overall quality of life, leading to academic and occupational difficulties as well as challenges in maintaining relationships. However, with appropriate diagnosis and treatment, individuals with ADHD can learn strategies to manage their symptoms effectively. Common interventions for ADHD include behavioral therapy, educational support, and medications, such as stimulant or non-stimulant medication.
