Cancer of the jaw, also known as jaw cancer or jawbone cancer, refers to the development of malignant tumors within the bones of the jaw. This type of cancer can occur in either the upper jaw (maxilla) or the lower jaw (mandible).
The development of cancer in the jawbones typically begins with the uncontrolled growth of cells within the bone tissue, leading to the formation of a tumor. These tumors can originate from the bone itself (primary cancer) or spread from another site in the body (secondary cancer or metastasis). Common risk factors for the development of jaw cancer include tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to certain chemicals, previous radiation therapy in the head or neck area, and some genetic conditions.
Symptoms of jaw cancer may include persistent jaw or facial pain, difficulty or pain while chewing or swallowing, swelling or lumps in the jaw or neck, loose teeth, jaw stiffness, or a tingling or numbness sensation in the jaw or lower face. If left undiagnosed or untreated, jaw cancer can invade nearby tissues, and in advanced stages, can spread to distant organs.
Diagnosis of jaw cancer involves a combination of physical examinations, imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, and a biopsy, which involves the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination under a microscope. Treatment options may vary depending on the stage and location of the cancer, and can include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment can greatly improve the prognosis and quality of life for individuals with jaw cancer.
