CHROMOSOME NUMBER Meaning and
Definition
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Chromosome number refers to the specific count or total number of chromosomes found in the cells of an organism. Chromosomes are thread-like structures made up of DNA molecules that contain genetic information and are found within the nucleus of every cell. They play a crucial role in the transmission and expression of genetic traits.
Each species has a characteristic and species-specific chromosome number. For instance, humans have 46 chromosomes, organized in 23 pairs, whereas dogs have 78 chromosomes and cats have 38 chromosomes. The chromosome number remains relatively constant within a species, although some variations or abnormalities may occur.
The chromosome number has significant implications in genetics and reproduction. During sexual reproduction, the process of meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half in the production of gametes (sperm and eggs). This ensures that when the gametes combine during fertilization, the chromosome number is restored to the original count.
Abnormalities or variations in chromosome numbers can lead to genetic disorders or anomalies. For instance, Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. These chromosomal aberrations can lead to developmental, physical, and mental disabilities.
Determining the chromosome number is an essential aspect of genetics research, as it helps identify genetic variations, study hereditary traits and diseases, and understand the complexity of inheritance patterns.
Common Misspellings for CHROMOSOME NUMBER
- xhromosome number
- vhromosome number
- fhromosome number
- dhromosome number
- cgromosome number
- cbromosome number
- cnromosome number
- cjromosome number
- curomosome number
- cyromosome number
- cheomosome number
- chdomosome number
- chfomosome number
- chtomosome number
- ch5omosome number
- ch4omosome number
- chrimosome number
- chrkmosome number
- chrlmosome number
- chrpmosome number
Etymology of CHROMOSOME NUMBER
The etymology of the word "chromosome number" can be broken down as follows:
1. Chromosome: The term "chromosome" is derived from the Greek words "chroma" meaning "color" and "soma" meaning "body". The name was coined by German scientist Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz in 1888 to describe the colored thread-like structures observed in the nuclei of cells.
2. Number: The term "number" comes from the Old English word "numer", which originated from the Latin word "numerus" meaning "a quantity, a sum".
Therefore, "chromosome number" refers to the quantity or sum of chromosomes present in an organism's cells.
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