Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (FIV) is a viral disease that affects domestic cats. It is caused by the FIV lentivirus, which belongs to the same family as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). FIV primarily attacks the immune system of infected cats, gradually weakening their ability to fight off infections and diseases.
The transmission of FIV occurs mainly through bite wounds resulting from aggressive fights between infected and uninfected cats. It can also be transmitted through sexual contact and from mother to kittens during birth or through nursing. However, casual contact, such as sharing food bowls or grooming, does not pose a significant risk of transmission.
Symptoms of Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome vary widely and may take months or even years to appear. Infected cats may experience recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea, weight loss, poor appetite, and dental problems. They may also develop various secondary infections, such as respiratory or urinary tract infections, as a result of their weakened immune system.
There is currently no cure for FIV, and treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and providing supportive care. This includes regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and prompt treatment of infections or other health issues. Prevention is crucial, and responsible pet owners are encouraged to keep their cats indoors to minimize exposure to the virus and reduce the risk of transmission. Vaccines are available to help protect against FIV, but they do not guarantee absolute prevention and are generally recommended for cats at high risk, such as those living in multi-cat households or outdoor cats in high-prevalence areas.
