HTLV BLV infections refer to a group of viral infections caused by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which primarily affect T-cells and lymphocytes in humans and animals. HTLV is a retrovirus, primarily transmitted through sexual contact, contaminated blood products, and from mother to child through breastfeeding. BLV, on the other hand, infects cattle and is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or through the ingestion of contaminated milk or meat.
HTLV infections can result in a range of clinical manifestations, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a malignancy of T-lymphocytes characterized by abnormal cell proliferation and infiltration of various organs. Additionally, HTLV can cause a chronic neurological disorder called HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), leading to progressive weakness and impaired mobility.
BLV infections in cattle generally do not cause significant clinical symptoms, but infected animals can develop persistent lymphocytosis, increased susceptibility to other infections, and occasionally, the onset of bovine leukemia. The virus can be transmitted vertically from infected mothers to their offspring.
It is important to note that although HTLV BLV infections are associated with similar retroviruses, they affect different species and have distinct clinical presentations. Efforts to prevent HTLV and BLV infections include screening blood products, promoting safe sexual practices, minimizing the consumption of raw milk or undercooked meat products, and implementing strict biosecurity measures to prevent viral transmission between animals.
