Hydroa febrile is a rare, chronic, and recurrent skin condition characterized by the development of itchy and painful vesicles and blisters on sun-exposed areas, notably the face and hands. This term is derived from the Greek words "hydroa" meaning "water" and "febrile" meaning "feverish." Typically, hydroa febrile primarily affects children and adolescents and tends to improve or resolve during adulthood.
This condition often manifests with sudden onset of lesions after exposure to sunlight, usually during the summer months. The affected areas may become red, swollen, and extremely sensitive to sunlight, resulting in pain and discomfort. The vesicles and blisters, which resemble those seen in herpes infections, typically erupt within hours of sun exposure and may leave behind scarring or hyperpigmentation.
The exact cause of hydroa febrile remains unknown, although it is believed to involve a complex interplay between genetic factors and environmental triggers, particularly exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Certain viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), have been implicated in the development of hydroa febrile, although the exact pathogenesis is still under investigation.
The treatment of hydroa febrile is primarily focused on avoiding sun exposure and employing measures to protect the skin from UV radiation, such as wearing protective clothing and using sunscreen. Additionally, medication options, such as antimalarials, immunomodulators, and corticosteroids, may be prescribed to control symptoms and prevent recurrences. It is important to note that long-term follow-up is recommended, as hydroa febrile can persist into adulthood and may be associated with an increased risk of developing skin cancer.
