Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Genes, also known as IgH genes, are a group of genes that encode for the heavy chain of immunoglobulins, also referred to as antibodies. Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by B lymphocytes (B cells), which are a type of white blood cell, and are a vital component of the immune system. They play a crucial role in recognizing and neutralizing foreign substances known as antigens, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
The Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Genes are responsible for the synthesis of the heavy chain portion of the immunoglobulin molecule. This heavy chain contributes to the structural integrity and functional diversity of immunoglobulins. The heavy chain determines the class and subclass of the antibody, which influences its capacity to bind to antigens and perform effector functions.
The Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Genes are highly diverse and are organized into gene segments called V (Variable), D (Diversity), J (Joining), and C (Constant) regions. Through a process known as V(D)J recombination, these gene segments rearrange during B cell development to generate a unique DNA sequence for each B cell. This gene rearrangement allows for the generation of an enormous variety of immunoglobulins, enabling the immune system to recognize a wide range of antigens.
Mutations or abnormalities in the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Genes can result in immune deficiencies or dysregulation of immune responses, leading to various diseases and disorders such as primary immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and certain types of cancer.
