Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB) is a technique used in respiratory therapy to deliver pressurized air or oxygen into the lungs intermittently to assist with breathing. It is typically employed in cases where a patient's respiratory function is compromised or weakened, or in specific medical procedures.
During IPPB, a specialized device called a ventilator or respiratory assist device is utilized. This device delivers a controlled stream of pressurized air or oxygen to the patient's lungs through a facemask or an endotracheal tube, creating positive pressure within the respiratory system. This positive pressure helps to expand the lungs and allows air to reach the alveoli more effectively, thus improving ventilation.
IPPB is characterized by its intermittent nature, meaning that the pressure-assisted breaths are delivered in a cyclic pattern. The frequency, duration, and pressure of these intermittent breaths can be adjusted based on the individual patient's needs and respiratory condition.
The main goals of IPPB include facilitating proper gas exchange, improving lung compliance, promoting effective removal of secretions, and minimizing respiratory effort. This therapy is often used in various clinical settings, such as in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or post-surgical recovery.
While IPPB can provide significant respiratory support, it is not without potential complications or side effects. These can include barotrauma (lung overinflation), respiratory muscle fatigue, gastric insufflation, hyperventilation, and complications related to long-term ventilation. Therefore, proper monitoring and understanding of the patient's specific needs are crucial during IPPB administration.
