Pronunciation: [kɹˈʌmhɔːn] (IPA) 
The word "krummhorn" is a musical instrument with a distinct curved shape. Its spelling is derived from the German language, where "krumm" means "curved" and "horn" means "horn". Using IPA phonetics, the proper pronunciation is [ˈkʁʊmˌhɔʁn], with the "r" in the first syllable being a uvular fricative. The "u" in "krumm" is pronounced as the German umlaut "ü", and the "o" in "horn" is pronounced as an open-mid back rounded vowel.
The krummhorn is a musical instrument belonging to the family of wind instruments and specifically the woodwind category. It is characterized by a cylindrical body with a flared bell at one end and a double reed mouthpiece at the other end. The name "krummhorn" originates from the German words "krumm," meaning curved or bent, and "horn," referring to its horn-like appearance.
The krummhorn is known for its distinct sound and unique tonal qualities. It produces a nasal and slightly raucous sound, adding a unique timbre to ensembles and musical compositions. The instrument has a limited range, typically spanning a little over an octave, and is usually played in a religious or chamber music setting.
To play the krummhorn, the musician blows air through the double reed mouthpiece, causing the reeds to vibrate and produce sound. The player then uses their fingers to cover and uncover the finger holes along the length of the cylindrical body to change the pitch and create different notes. Unlike other woodwind instruments, such as the flute or clarinet, the krummhorn does not have keys or valves to assist in this process.
Although the krummhorn enjoyed popularity during the Renaissance and Baroque periods, it declined in use during the Classical era. However, modern reproductions are sometimes used in historical performance practice or for recreating the authentic sound of the historic repertoire.
The word "krummhorn" originates from the German language. Its etymology can be traced back to the combination of two German words: "krumm" meaning "bent" or "curved", and "horn" meaning "horn". The instrument is named after its curved shape, as it features a circular or S-shaped bend in its design. The "horn" part of the term refers to the instrument's use of a horn-like resonator to produce sound. So, "krummhorn" literally means "curved horn" in German, reflecting its distinctive physical shape.
