NAD Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NAD-IDH) refers to an enzyme that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. It is a member of the isocitrate dehydrogenase family and specifically requires Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) as a coenzyme to carry out its catalytic function. NAD-IDH is primarily involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle.
The TCA cycle is a fundamental metabolic pathway that takes place within the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and serves as a central hub for energy generation. NAD-IDH catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, converting it to α-ketoglutarate. This reaction is a key step in the cycle, as it generates NADH and releases carbon dioxide.
By modulating the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate, NAD-IDH plays a vital role in regulating the TCA cycle and maintaining cellular homeostasis. It facilitates the interconversion between citrate, isocitrate, and α-ketoglutarate, allowing cells to adapt to changing metabolic demands.
Moreover, certain mutations in the gene encoding NAD-IDH have been implicated in various forms of cancer, including gliomas and acute myeloid leukemia. These mutations result in altered enzymatic activity, leading to abnormal accumulation of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which contributes to cellular transformation and tumor progression.
In summary, NAD Isocitrate Dehydrogenase is an enzyme that acts as a key regulator of the TCA cycle, participating in
