Orthomyxoviruses Type B, also known as Influenza B viruses, are a group of RNA viruses that belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family. These viruses primarily infect humans and are responsible for causing seasonal influenza outbreaks. Influenza B viruses are characterized by their spherical shape and envelope containing protruding spike-like proteins on the surface.
Orthomyxoviruses Type B are further classified into lineages, including B/Victoria/2/1987-like viruses and B/Yamagata/16/1988-like viruses. These lineages are identified based on genetic variations and antigenic properties. Both lineages can cause similar symptoms and are included in seasonal influenza vaccines to provide protection against both of them.
Human infections with Influenza B viruses typically present with symptoms such as high fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, fatigue, and respiratory distress. In severe cases, complications such as pneumonia and bronchitis can occur, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions. Children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic illnesses are particularly at risk of severe illness from Influenza B infections.
To prevent the spread of Orthomyxoviruses Type B, vaccination against influenza is recommended annually. Vaccines are formulated based on the predicted circulating strains for the upcoming flu season, including strains from both influenza A and B viruses. In addition to vaccination, practicing good respiratory hygiene, such as covering coughs and sneezes, frequent handwashing, and staying home when sick, can help reduce the transmission of Influenza B viruses.
