How Do You Spell PATHOLOGICAL ALTRUISM?

1. Pathological altruism refers to a concept in psychology that describes a harmful form of behavior in which individuals exhibit excessive and misguided concern for the well-being of others, to the point where it becomes detrimental to their own welfare or to the welfare of others involved. This term was first coined by Barbara Oakley, a social scientist, in 2011.

   Pathological altruism involves behaviors that, despite being driven by good intentions, have unintended negative consequences. Individuals displaying this behavior often neglect their own needs and priorities, leading to personal distress or self-sacrifice. It can also have detrimental effects on the recipients of the excessive altruism, as their autonomy and self-reliance may be undermined.

   Examples of pathological altruism include enabling behaviors, where individuals unknowingly contribute to maintaining or exacerbating harmful situations, or overemphasizing the needs of others while neglecting their own well-being. Other manifestations may include acts of rescuing or helping others excessively while ignoring one's own boundaries, or engaging in excessive giving even to the detriment of one's own financial or emotional health.

   Pathological altruism can stem from various psychological and social factors, such as a desire for validation, fear of rejection, low self-esteem, or cultural expectations. It is a complex phenomenon that can occur across various contexts, from personal relationships to larger societal dynamics.

   Understanding pathological altruism is crucial in order to differentiate between genuinely beneficial acts of altruism and behaviors that can be harmful, as it allows for reflection on the motives and consequences of one's actions.

The word "pathological altruism" combines two distinct terms: "pathological" and "altruism". Here's the etymology of both words:

1. Pathological: The term "pathological" derives from the Greek word "pathos", meaning "suffering" or "disease", and "logos", meaning "study" or "science". Pathology is the scientific study of diseases. In this context, "pathological" refers to something that is abnormal, compulsive, or harmful.

2. Altruism: The term "altruism" comes from the French word "altruisme", coined by philosopher Auguste Comte in the 19th century, derived from the Italian word "altrui", meaning "of or to others". It emphasizes a selfless concern for the well-being and happiness of others, often at the expense of one's own interests.