PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVE OF TUBERCULIN Meaning and
Definition
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Purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin (PPD) is a commonly used diagnostic tool in the field of tuberculosis (TB). It is a purified extract obtained from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for TB infection.
The PPD is prepared by growing the bacteria in a laboratory setting and then subjecting it to various purification processes to remove any unwanted components while retaining the key antigens, mainly proteins, that allow for an immunological response.
When injected intradermally into the skin of an individual suspected of having TB, the PPD interacts with the immune system and stimulates an immune response. If the person has been previously exposed to the TB bacteria, the immune system will recognize the PPD as foreign and mount a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction within 48 to 72 hours, resulting in the formation of a localized induration or swelling at the injection site. This reaction indicates a positive result for tuberculosis exposure.
The PPD test is widely used for screening and diagnosing TB infection, as it is relatively simple, cost-effective, and provides reliable results. However, it should be noted that a positive PPD test only indicates exposure to the TB bacteria and does not confirm active disease. Further clinical evaluation and additional tests are required to determine the presence of active TB infection.
In summary, the Purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin is a purified extract from the TB bacilli, utilized as a diagnostic tool to identify individuals who have been previously exposed to the bacteria causing tuberculosis.
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