Subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare progressive neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system. This chronic condition primarily affects children and young adults, particularly those who have had a prior infection with the measles virus. SSPE is characterized by inflammation and gradual destruction of the white matter in the brain, leading to a range of neurological symptoms.
The term "sclerosing" refers to the hardening or scarring of the brain tissue, while "leukoencephalitis" denotes the inflammation of the brain's white matter. SSPE typically presents several years after the initial measles infection, making it a delayed complication of the virus.
The early stages of SSPE may involve subtle behavioral changes, followed by the onset of neurological symptoms such as myoclonus (muscle twitches), seizures, muscle stiffness, and visual disturbances. As the disease progresses, individuals with SSPE may experience cognitive decline, loss of motor function, and eventual vegetative state.
There is currently no cure for SSPE, and treatment primarily focuses on managing symptoms and delaying disease progression. Anticonvulsant medications may be prescribed to control seizures, while physical and occupational therapy can help maintain motor function for as long as possible. The long-term prognosis for individuals with SSPE is generally poor, with most cases resulting in severe disability or death.
In summary, subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare and progressive neurological disorder that occurs as a delayed complication of prior measles infection. It involves inflammation and scarring of the brain's white matter, leading to a range of neurological symptoms and eventual disability.
