Type I renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a medical condition characterized by the impaired ability of the kidneys to effectively excrete acid from the body, leading to an accumulation of acid in the blood. This type of RTA primarily affects the kidney's ability to reabsorb bicarbonate, a base that helps maintain the body's pH balance. As a result, individuals with type I RTA experience a decrease in blood bicarbonate levels, leading to an acidosis state.
Type I RTA is typically caused by a defect in the distal tubules of the kidney, where hydrogen ions should be secreted into the urine. In this condition, the kidney fails to secrete enough hydrogen ions, leading to an acid buildup in the blood. Common causes of type I RTA include genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications, such as certain diuretics.
The symptoms of type I RTA may vary depending on the severity of the acidosis. Common symptoms include weakness, fatigue, vomiting, muscle pain, and increased thirst. Over time, if left untreated, type I RTA can lead to complications such as bone abnormalities, kidney stones, and impaired growth in children.
The diagnosis of type I RTA involves blood and urine tests to evaluate acid-base balance and kidney function. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, if identifiable, and correcting the acidosis through the administration of oral alkali supplements, such as sodium bicarbonate. Regular monitoring of acid-base balance and ongoing medical management are important for individuals with type I RTA to prevent further complications and maintain overall health.
