Type 2 diabetes, also known as adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to the body's inability to properly use insulin or produce enough insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the body's glucose (sugar) levels.
In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or does not produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. This resistance occurs when the cells in the body do not respond properly to insulin, a condition known as insulin resistance.
The exact cause of type 2 diabetes is not fully understood, but several factors contribute to its development. These may include genetic factors, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and age. Type 2 diabetes typically affects adults, although it is becoming increasingly common among children and teenagers due to the rising rates of obesity.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes may include increased thirst and urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing wounds, frequent infections, and tingling or numbness in the hands or feet. If left untreated, type 2 diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, nerve damage, and eye problems.
Management of type 2 diabetes involves making lifestyle changes such as adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, losing weight if necessary, monitoring blood sugar levels, and taking medications or insulin as prescribed. With proper management, people with type 2 diabetes can live healthy and fulfilling lives.
