Zostera marina, commonly known as eelgrass, is a perennial marine flowering plant belonging to the family Zosteraceae. It is a widely distributed seagrass species and considered one of the most important ecological and economic marine plants.
Eelgrass has long, slender, and ribbon-like leaves that grow up to one meter in length. Its blades are typically around one centimeter wide, and they emerge from a horizontal rhizome system anchored in sandy or muddy substrates. The plant forms extensive underwater meadows in shallow coastal waters, estuaries, and lagoons, where it plays a vital role in marine ecosystems.
Zostera marina provides numerous ecological benefits, such as acting as a primary producer and providing shelter, nursery habitat, and refuge for a diverse array of marine organisms. These include various fish species, mollusks, crustaceans, and waterfowl that depend on the plant for feeding and spawning. Additionally, eelgrass beds contribute to maintaining water quality by reducing wave energy, trapping sediments, and absorbing excess nutrients.
Due to its ecological importance, Zostera marina is also an indicator of the health of coastal ecosystems. Its presence or absence can reflect the condition of water bodies, indicating pollution levels, water clarity, and overall ecosystem functioning.
Furthermore, eelgrass has economic value as it supports commercial and recreational fisheries by providing habitat and food sources for commercially important species. It also contributes to coastal protection by acting as a natural buffer against erosion and storm surges.
Overall, Zostera marina is a significant marine plant species that plays crucial roles in marine ecosystems, providing ecological services and supporting both ecological and economic activities.
