CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION Meaning and
Definition
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Chromosome segregation refers to the process by which chromosomes are accurately distributed between two daughter cells during cell division. It is a fundamental process that ensures the accurate transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next.
During cell division, a cell undergoes a series of complex steps collectively known as mitosis or meiosis, depending on the type of cell division involved. One crucial step in this process is the separation of sister chromatids, which are identical copies of each chromosome that are formed during DNA replication. Sister chromatids are held together by a protein structure called the centromere.
Chromosome segregation relies on the coordinated action of various molecular machinery, including microtubules, kinetochores, and motor proteins. Microtubules form a spindle apparatus that attaches to the centromeres of sister chromatids, allowing them to align at the center of the cell. Motor proteins then help in the physical separation of sister chromatids by pulling them towards opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.
Defects in chromosome segregation can lead to aneuploidy, a condition characterized by an abnormal number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy can have severe consequences, including developmental abnormalities and cancer. Therefore, the accurate segregation of chromosomes is essential for the maintenance of genomic stability and proper cell function.
Common Misspellings for CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION
- xhromosome segregation
- vhromosome segregation
- fhromosome segregation
- dhromosome segregation
- cgromosome segregation
- cbromosome segregation
- cnromosome segregation
- cjromosome segregation
- curomosome segregation
- cyromosome segregation
- cheomosome segregation
- chdomosome segregation
- chfomosome segregation
- chtomosome segregation
- ch5omosome segregation
- ch4omosome segregation
- chrimosome segregation
- chrkmosome segregation
- chrlmosome segregation
- chrpmosome segregation
Etymology of CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION
The etymology of the word "chromosome" can be traced back to the Greek word "chroma" meaning "color" and the suffix "-some" meaning "body". The term was coined by German anatomist Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz in 1888 to describe the colored bodies observed in cell nuclei during cell division.
The word "segregation" comes from the Latin word "segregare", which means "to separate" or "to set apart". In the context of chromosome segregation, it refers to the process of separating and distributing chromosomes to daughter cells during cell division.
Therefore, "chromosome segregation" refers to the process of separating and distributing the colored bodies (chromosomes) to daughter cells during cell division.
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