HYPOTHYROIDISM Meaning and
Definition
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Hypothyroidism is a medical condition characterized by the inadequate production or functioning of the thyroid hormone in the body. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, is responsible for producing hormones that regulate the body's metabolism, growth, and development. In individuals with hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland fails to produce enough hormones, leading to a slowdown in various bodily processes.
The symptoms of hypothyroidism may vary but commonly include fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, constipation, and depression. Other signs may include muscle weakness, joint pain, slowed heart rate, and increased cholesterol levels. Hypothyroidism is typically caused by an autoimmune disease called Hashimoto's thyroiditis, whereby the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and damages the thyroid gland. Other causes include certain medications, radiation therapy, or surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is usually made through a blood test that measures the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) in the body. Treatment typically involves lifelong hormone replacement therapy, where synthetic thyroid hormones are prescribed to replace the hormone deficiency. Regular monitoring of hormone levels and adjustment of medication dosage may be necessary.
If left untreated, hypothyroidism can lead to complications such as heart problems, infertility, goiter (enlarged thyroid gland), and myxedema (severe symptoms including a decreased level of consciousness). However, with proper medical management and monitoring, most individuals with hypothyroidism can lead a normal, healthy life.
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Etymology of HYPOTHYROIDISM
The word "hypothyroidism" is derived from the combination of two Greek words: "hypo" meaning "under" or "below normal" and "thyreos" meaning "shield-shaped thyroid gland", referring to the shape of the thyroid gland in the neck. The suffix "-ism" denotes a medical condition or state. Therefore, "hypothyroidism" literally means a condition in which the thyroid gland is functioning below normal levels, resulting in reduced production or secretion of thyroid hormones.
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