Tree nut allergies refer to an adverse immune response triggered by the consumption or contact with tree nuts. Tree nuts are a specific category of edible nuts that are derived from various tree species. This includes but is not limited to almonds, walnuts, cashews, pistachios, hazelnuts, pecans, macadamia nuts, and Brazil nuts.
Individuals with tree nut allergies have a hypersensitivity to proteins found in these nuts, causing their immune system to mistakenly identify them as harmful substances. When a person with this allergy comes into contact with tree nuts, either through ingestion, inhalation or skin contact, their immune system releases histamines and other chemicals that lead to allergic reactions.
Symptoms of tree nut allergies can range from mild to severe, and they vary from person to person. Mild symptoms may include itching, redness, or swelling in the mouth, face, or skin, while severe reactions can cause difficulty breathing, wheezing, rapid heartbeat, chest tightness, nausea, vomiting, or a sudden drop in blood pressure (anaphylaxis).
Management of tree nut allergies primarily involves strict avoidance of all tree nuts and their derivatives, as even trace amounts can trigger an allergic reaction. Individuals with this allergy are advised to carefully read food labels and be cautious when dining out. In case of accidental ingestion or exposure to tree nuts, prompt medical attention, including administration of epinephrine (adrenaline), may be necessary to mitigate severe allergic reactions and potentially save lives. It is crucial for individuals with tree nut allergies to have an emergency action plan and carry appropriate medication with them at all times.
