Tree nut hypersensitivity refers to an allergic reaction or sensitivity to the proteins found in certain types of tree nuts. Tree nuts are edible seeds enclosed in a hard shell that grow on trees, such as almonds, cashews, walnuts, pistachios, and hazelnuts. In individuals with tree nut hypersensitivity, the immune system mistakenly identifies proteins present in these nuts as harmful, triggering an allergic response.
Symptoms of tree nut hypersensitivity can vary in severity, ranging from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening reactions. Common symptoms include itching, swelling, hives, difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, gastrointestinal issues, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis, which is a severe and potentially fatal allergic reaction. Anaphylaxis may cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, swollen airways leading to breathing difficulties, rapid pulse, loss of consciousness, and shock.
Diagnosis of tree nut hypersensitivity typically includes a thorough assessment of an individual's medical history, symptoms, and specific IgE blood tests. In some cases, an oral food challenge or skin prick test may be conducted to confirm the allergy.
Management of tree nut hypersensitivity involves strict avoidance of all tree nuts and products containing or potentially contaminated with tree nuts. In case of accidental ingestion, immediate medical attention may be required. Individuals diagnosed with tree nut hypersensitivity are often prescribed an epinephrine auto-injector (e.g., EpiPen) to be used in case of an emergency.
It is important for individuals with tree nut hypersensitivity to closely read food labels, inform restaurants or food establishments about their allergy, and be aware of cross-contamination risks. Regular follow-ups with an allergist or immunologist are crucial for monitoring the allergy and discussing any necessary updates in management and treatment plans.
